The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner INTRODUCTION

No two essayists go about things in the very same manner. We al are roused and persuaded in various manners; we have our own reasons why a few characters remain with us while others vanish into an overabundance of ignored records. Individual y, I've never made sense of why a portion of my characters take on solid existences of their own, however I'm generally upbeat when they do. Those characters are the most easy to compose, thus their accounts are regular y the ones that get wrapped up. Bree is one of those characters, and she's the central motivation behind why this story is presently in your grasp, instead of lost in the labyrinth of overlooked organizers inside my PC. (The two different reasons are named Diego and Fred.) I began pondering Bree while I was altering Eclipse. Altering, not composing †when I was composing the main draft of Eclipse, I had first-individual point of view blinders on; anything that Bel a couldn't see or hear or believe or taste or contact was insignificant. That story was her experience as it were. The following stage in the altering procedure was to step away from Bel an and perceive how the story streamed. My proofreader, Rebecca Davis, was a colossal piece of that procedure, and she had a great deal of inquiries for me about the things Bel a didn't have the foggiest idea and how we could make the correct pieces of that story more clear. Since Bree is the main infant Bel a sees, Bree's was the viewpoint that I initially inclined t oward as I thought about what was happening off camera. I began pondering living in the cellar with the infants and chasing customary vampire-style. I envisioned the world as Bree got it. What's more, it was anything but difficult. From the beginning Bree was clear as a character, and a portion of her companions additionally sprang to life easily. This is the way it normal y works for me: I attempt to compose a short outline of what's going on in some other piece of the story, and I wind up writing down exchange. For this situation, rather than an outline, I wound up composing a day in Bree's life. Composing Bree was the first occasion when I'd ventured into the shoes of a storyteller who was a â€Å"real† vampire †a tracker, a beast. I got the opportunity to glance through her red eyes at us people; out of nowhere we were disgraceful and powerless, simple prey, of no significance at all aside from as a delicious tidbit. I felt what it resembled to be separated from everyone else while encompassed by adversaries, consistently careful, never certain about anything with the exception of that her life was consistently in harm's way. I got the chance to lower myself in an all out y diverse variety of vampires: infants. The infant life was something I hadn't ever gotten the opportunity to investigate †in any event, when Bel a last y turned into a vampire. Bel a was never an infant like Bree was an infant. It was energizing and dull and, at last, deplorable. The closer I got to the unavoidable end, the more I wished I'd finished up Eclipse just somewhat in an unexpec ted way. I wonder how you wil feel about Bree. She's such a smal, apparently minor character in Eclipse. She lives for just five minutes of Bel a's point of view. But then her story is so imperative to a comprehension of the novel. When you read the Eclipse scene wherein Bel a gazes at Bree, evaluating her as a potential future, did you ever consider what has brought Bree to that point in time? As Bree glares back, did you wonder what Bel an and the Cul ens look like to her? Presumably not. Be that as it may, regardless of whether you did, I'l wager you never speculated her privileged insights. I trust you wind up thinking about Bree as much as I do, however that is somewhat of a merciless wish. You know this: it doesn't end wel for her. However, at any rate you wil know the entire story. Furthermore, that no point of view is ever genuine y insignificant. Appreciate, Stephenie

Analysis of Current Accounting System Essay

1. Terms of reference 1.1.1 This report has been set up to cover the necessities of the learning and appraisal region Principles of Internal Control and Evaluating Accounting Systems at Level 4 of the Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT) Diploma in Accounting capability. 1.1.2 This report shapes an assessment of the Accounting System of the Inkwell Limited. 1.1.3 The fundamental motivation behind the report is: To assess the bookkeeping framework and strategies that are right now set up at IWL To recognize shortcomings inside the framework, propose potential enhancements and make proposals for development. To examine cost advantage for recommended upgrades. 2. Official synopsis 3. Technique 3.1.1 This report has been readied utilizing data given by AAT contextual analysis content and study materials from Home Learning College. 3.1.2 Research for the suggestions has been made utilizing web. A rundown of sites utilized can be found in Appendix 1. 3.1.3 In building up the report backing and help from my Home Learning College coach was given. 4. Presentation 4.1. Inkwell Ltd (IWL) was shaped seven years back. IWL is the medium-sized organization that provisions a total scope of re-made inkjet and laser toner cartridges that are completely good with every single significant printer. Since its dispatch IWL has developed consistently and now has income of over  £16 million. The organization utilizes around 180 full-time representatives. 4.2. IWL has received the practical structure framework with three offices for example money, deals and buys. The BODs contained Managing Director, Sales Director and Finance Director is liable for all dynamic exercises in the organization. The administration structure graph can be found in Appendix 2. 4.3. The principle motivation behind bookkeeping capacity of the IWL is to gather and procedure data from different offices so as to get ready legal and the executives accounts just as to decide the cost of cartridges the organization can pay for so as to accomplish required overall revenue (the executives b ookkeeping). The Finance Department is likewise answerable for ensuring that stock levels meet IWL’s approach, the company’s FICO assessment is kept solid, the board accounts are arranged each month, orders from providers are observed and provider installments are orchestrated. 4.2 To utilize the bookkeeping frameworks and methodology set up the money office has been isolated into two primary territories of bookkeeping for example money related bookkeeping and the executives bookkeeping (cost bookkeeping). The region of money related bookkeeping has been further sub-separated into the areas of general record and stock, buy record, salesâ ledger, finance and work force database. The diagram indicating the structure of The Accounts Department is given in Appendix 3. 4.2.1 Sections inside the account office connect and keep up a relationship with different offices. The data streams to general record from the business record, buy record and finance, staff area and shops. The general record gives data to the Company Accountant to get ready month to month the board records and affirming provider installments, to The Finance Director to plan budget summaries and to the Sales Director to cost IWL’s items. The Purchase Ledger segment has an immediate relationship with the General Ledger and the IWL’s providers. The Sales Ledger area keeps up a cozy relationship with the business office just as with the General Ledger. The Payroll and Personnel Database segment is working intimately with shop chiefs from whom it gathers the data to get ready finance for representatives. The division additionally co-works with outer clients, for example, HMRC so as to agree to legal necessities. The Costing Section is working intimately with The Sales Director. 4.3 The goal of budget summaries is to give data about the money related position, execution and changes in budgetary situation of an undertaking that is valuable to a wide scope of clients, for example, providers, clients, government offices or monetary organizations in settling on financial choices, for example, regardless of whether to concede an advance or to offer credit to the organization. At the money related year end the Finance Director at IWL readies the accompanying fiscal summaries: 4.3.1 Income Statement: this announcement gives data about the monetary presentation of the organization as far as income from deals, expenses and costs brought about to create the benefit. It additionally gives data about gross and net benefit produced for past money related periods. It is likewise alluded to as the Profit and Loss Account. 4.3.2 Statement of Financial Position: this announcement shows the money related situation of the organization toward the finish of each monetary year. It gives the data about the company’s resources, liabilities and the value guarantee of its investors. It is likewise alluded to as the Balance Sheet. 4.3.3 The Statement of Cash Flow: this announcement gives a connection between the Income Statement and Statement of Financial Position as at the year end of theâ previous and current money related years. Its primary reason for existing is to accommodate fluid assets to benefit by giving an investigation of money inflows and surges from working, contributing and financing exercises. 4.4 A partner is an element that can be influenced by the aftereffects of an organization where they are supposed to be partners, for example that where they have a stake. The basic outside partners for IWL have been distinguished as follows: 4.4.1 The budgetary establishments IWL has a solid relationship with its bank. Through delivering a progression of persuading yearly field-tested strategies, the organization executives have had the option to raise adequate money to develop IWL into a critical player in the cartridge supplies area. Without this co-activity it would be a lot harder to grow the Company to its present position. They are IWL’s partners since they loaned cash to The Business and they would be influenced in the event that The Company gets indebted. 4.4.2 Customers-the IWL has a base of around 120 enormous exchange clients. These clients represent 20% of IWL’s income. It is basic to keep up great connection with clients so as to stay serious and have high consumer loyalty level. Clients are arranged as partners on the grounds that the company’s activities can influence their money related position. 4.4.3 Government-The legislature is keen on organizations as they set out the guidelines and need the organizations to do well to keep the economy solid. Monetary approaches presented by The Government through tax collection, and the capacity of The Government to impact loan fees, sway on the business through costs and expenses. The organization needs to ensure that it is paying the perfect measure of expense and VAT and that it agrees to all government’s approaches and bookkeeping guidelines. 4.5 IWL is the medium-sized, concentrated, fabricating organization working across the nation. For a little sole broker or association type association, as off-permit shop, there are probably going to be not many exchanges to process. Thus the essential single passage record framework, with nitty gritty money book, would undoubtedly be utilized. A straightforward structure where the proprietor or accomplices settle on all the choices identified with the business would likewise be received. Notwithstanding, the single passage framework needs controls important to confirm the exactness of the postings and thusly would not be functional in conditions where a highâ volume of business exchanges must be handled. Medium and enormous estimated organizations will undoubtedly utilize increasingly refined, twofold passage accounting framework. Higher measure of exchanges would require more individuals to work it and in this way the structure would be increasingly refined as well, with either d ivisional or grid structure received. The IWL utilizes twofold passage framework. 5 Analysis of the Current Accounting System 5.1 The primary outer guidelines the IWL needs to consent to has been recognized as: 5.1.1 The Company Law-mandatory enactment that oversees the arrangement and enlistment of restricted organizations. It sets out the obligations of organizations, their executives and secretaries and furthermore decides the prerequisites identifying with the arrangement of Financial Statements of an organization. It is lawfully official on totally restricted organizations in UK. If there should arise an occurrence of any adjustments in The Company LAW, staff preparing might be required to guarantee consistence which will influence The IWL’s income and accessibility of assets for example staff discharged for preparing. 5.1.2 The Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Regulations-this guideline apply when a business association utilizes people and sets out the necessities for deducting PAYE personal duty and National Insurance Contributions (NIC’s) from installments made to representatives. The guideline likewise specifies rules for sending PAYE annual duty and employees’ NIC’s to HMRC and recognize the structures and returns that must be kept and submitted while directing the plan. Any progressions to the guidelines for example change of the organization charge rate or the National Insurance Contribution (NIC) directly affects IWL in light of the fact that these are legal necessities and The BODs need to ensure the staffs are properly prepared and that they agree to the guidelines. This may require generous money expense just as extra work to give spread to missing staff so these sorts of changes may fundamentally influence the Company’s accounts. Bookkeeping Standards-these are the guidelines and codes of training which have been created to attempt to diminish the quantity of various understandings and medications utilized by bookkeepers in getting ready and introducing the Financial Statements for restricted organizations. This guideline directly affect the company’s activities, as IWL is a restricted c

Are Dogs Getting the Attention They Deserve? Essay -- Symbols Wealth A

Are Dogs Getting the Attention They Deserve? It used to be that you could inform simply regarding how poor a family was by what number of mutts they had. On the off chance that they had one, they were presumably doing good, two mutts implied that the couple were hound darlings, however in the event that a resident kept three, you could start to speculate he didn’t own much else. What sort of mutts these were likewise persuade their economic wellbeing in the public arena. (Hoagland, 1995) Would this persuade this is valid? As I would like to think, No it doesn't. In Edward Hoagland’s â€Å"Dogs, and the Tug of Life†, he portrays the essentialness of mutts in our lives, both as social images and as tokens of why pooches are underestimated. He clarifies why having a canine is giving individuals an inappropriate impression and how individuals need to know the genuine noteworthiness. Are hounds an image of economic wellbeing? Hoagland wholeheartedly concurs with this contention, as expressed in the main section, also a few people do as well. I, for one, would need to concur with this term of being an economic wellbeing. Pooches have consistently been a piece of numerous homes. However, no one stops to feel that the sort of canine one claims, implies what kind of way of life that individual lives. This bit of data is inaccurate. Because a family is rich, doesn't mean they are spending bunches of cash on high class hounds. Who’s to state they aren’t taking in each homeless pooch that mosies up to their home? Possibly more extravagant individuals accomplish more with their pooch, for example, spend loads of cash on preparing, taking care of, and flaunting, however it doesn’t mean the canine is constantly a thoroughbred, stand-out. Individuals are starting to underestimate hounds. They feel that it is only a creature without any sentiments and don’t consider what sort of job a canine truly ... ...er of canines claimed and the salary of the family have nothing to do with one another. Generally, Hoagland’s contention was useful and critical. It is concurred that individuals are attempting to utilize hounds as an indication of societal position, yet individuals who know the genuine importance of having a canine, realize this is off base and erroneously defended. Canines are being underestimated, and individuals need to understand the significance of why they have hounds as pets. Canines are more than languid creatures, moronic animals, or methods of flaunting to other people. Mutts don’t help with economic wellbeing, rather they help with friendship, unwaveringness, trust, and a guardian. As I would see it, hounds don’t help decide how poor or rich a family is. Perhaps individuals spend parcels or minimal expenditure on a pooch, however that just relies upon what sort of individuals they are, not what type the canine is. That's it, not much.

Life Then Before Edgar Allan Poe - Free Essay Example

Mysterious vibes flow with this name. Many of us heard this name before but not many know the kind of writing he has done. Edgar Allan Poe, most famously know for writing The Raven, has different writing than most poets weve heard about. Poets usually write about romance or the loss of a special dear one that was close to us, but not quite no one like Poe. Edgar A. Poe had a writing style of romanticizing death and how someone could go insane. Theres a lot of play with words like repeating the same words like Nevermore in The Raven to show how the mental decline of a person that is slowly going into madness. The most common themes in his writing would be typically like a very beautiful young lady that would die in like the poem Annabel Lee. Some of his writings would be about people that were close to him that had passed away for example To Helen. His dark themes are still appraised in modern literature that there is a whole museum dedicated to his life time in the earth and how he lived as a person in the house that he lived in for four years in Richmond, VA. Edgar Poe was born in January 19, 1809 to actors Eliza Poe and David Poe Jr in Boston, Massachusetts. His home was a broken home. His father left his mother when he was a baby and his mother died of tuberculosis the very next year after David left them. Unfortunate events of how much he has lost when he was very young, but the best poets are inspired always by something in their life. Edgar then began to live with foster parents in Richmond, Virginia. Now this completed his famously renowned name Edgar Allan Poe. John Valentine Allan and his wife Frances owned a tobacco business that was very successful. Edgar Allan Poe grew up there and started to develop his poetic skills that by the age of 13, he was a very creative writer. His foster father didnt like him writing poems and stories so he would discourage Poe. John Allan would try to push Poe into the business world he created with tobacco, but Poe refused and continued writing. He sometimes would end up writing on the back of pa pers from the business his foster father owned. The business excelled but John Allan didnt give much of the profits of the business for him to go to college. As Poe got older, he decided to go to the University of Virginia in 1826 and excelled in all his classes. Poe enrolled to study language. The only problem there was that there wasnt enough money to cover the costs of his tuition, so Poe turned into gambling to see if he could get money to cover the costs of his university. Edgar A. Poe started to drink a lot and soon after became an alcoholic. Things turned out badly for him and ended in debt. When things could just get worse, his fiancee Sarah Elmira Royster had cheated on him and decided to be engaged with someone else. In all the frustration and being heartbroken with the news, Edgar A. Poe dropped all his studies and decided to move to Boston.. Poe eventually decided to join the military in 1827 with a false name and age. He has nothing else left since he didnt finish college and neither had no prior job experience. He couldnt go back to his foster parents since John and Edgar didnt quite get along well, so he had no choice. Per usual, he did very well and was later ranked to sergeant major. His love of language was not forgotten and he ended up writing and publishing his first book Tamerlane and other poems under a simple pseudonym, a Bostonian. Edgar still wasnt satisfied but he was able to leave his position three years early under one condition. Poe got more news of his foster family and heard that Mrs. Allan was suffering from tuberculosis and was bound to her death bed. Sadly, Edgar didnt make it on time and Mrs. Allan passed away. John Allan finally started to soften up and wanted to reconcile with Edgar. Johns condition was for Poe to attend the West Point Military Academy. John helped Edgar apply to the United Stat es of America Military Academy in West Point. While waiting to get appointed and to be accepted in the Academy, he lived with his grandmother, aunt, brother Henry and youngest cousin, Virginia. Virginia started to become Edgars love interest, besides being so young. Mr. Poe had to leave already to star this new journey at the Military Academy by 1830. Edgar Poe was a cadet in the military academy but had to leave because John Allan had started to refuse to send Poe any money to pay the Academy. In his time there, he was quarreling with his foster father because he had remarried without telling Poe. Rumor says that he stopped doing on what he was being told so he could be dismissed from the Academy because he hated John. He was then disowned from his foster father by 1831 and went to continue on living with his family in Baltimore. By 1834, John Allan died. Now Poe was so in love with Virginia at the age of 26, so he decided to marry his cousin that was only at the age of 13 (she was practically half his age). Its weird now, but before that happened frequently. It was purportedly a loving relationship with some debate that it was either romantic or them just being great pals who were married and related. They got married in May 16, 1836. His writing career was pretty average. It wasnt like this explicit tragedy like Van Gogh who never got to sell a single piece but there wasnt a rock at the stardom like Mozart or Justin Bieber. Poe suffered like many authors at the time, at the hand of the publishers who were happy to publish but not so happy to pay. This means that although Poe was one of the first in America to make a living as a writer, it was just barely a living, but his luck started to change when he landed a job as a critic for Richmond newspaper. Maybe it was just bitterness from his past that he had, but Edgar Allan Poe was hard on everyone. He was nicknamed The Tomahawk Man And he literally came after everyone. This made him a lot of enemies but also brought some level of fame. He was like a 19th century Keemstar (I know its a bad metaphor). He left the newspaper place in 1837. It was said that his problems with alcohol was a contributor for Poe leaving. Poe also was publishing works like The Tales of the G rotesque and Arabasque which explored the gruesome and thrilling writing style he is best known for today. Poe also published The Murders on the Rue Morgue which is well credited as the detective fiction genre. I honestly just think its just a whole lot of monkey business. Poe moves to New York in 1844. He published a story in the New York Sun that he was on a hot air ballon that went all across the Atlantic Ocean. Edgar then confessed that the whole story was fake, but something much bigger brought him to the raving sensation of the public eye. He reached the peak of his fame in 1845 with his famous poem The Raven that was featured in the New York Evening Mirror. At the same time, Poe was disputing with a fellow poet, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Poe was accusing him of plagiarism, which with the accusement, there was backlash on Poe. The joy and his newfound fame was short lived as it came with no real change in wealth. He started to fight for the wages of writers to be raised and a copyright law. Worse of all, his wife cousin was dying. She caught the consumption, which is old speak for tuberculosis that everyone got apparently. There was some gossip going around 1845, the year of The Raven, Poe was rumored to be flirting with another poet, Frances Osgood. Virginia was well aware who Frances Osgood was and she actually liked Osgood. The happy love triangle turned into a quarrelsome quadrilateral. There was another poet, Elizabeth Elliot, who was obsessed with Poe and Poe was like Eww. He literally could do nothing but repeal with scorn. Elliot couldnt even get into the friend-zone. Elliot was jealous of Osgood and threatened to blackmail her using her flirtatious letters with Poe. Elliot was also sending some letters but getting no response. Poe was like Please, leave me alone and just returned all of her letters to Elliot. Nonetheless, Elliot sent her brother to go get the letters back from Poe, which are letters that she already had. Poe requested some backup from his friends. Considering his history as a flop and a bit of a weirdo, his friends just though that Poe was lying. Then Elliot, the master of s pin and home wrecking, said that all of the letters were actually written by Poe. As ridiculous as the events sound, it put a lot of strain on Virginia Poe while she was sick . It was to a point that as Virginia was on her deathbed, she declared that Elliot had been her murderer. When Virginia died in January 1847, Poes life went to a down spiral that never stopped. He later on went to Rhode Island in 1948 to try and flirt with another poet, Sarah Helen Whitman. They were engaged for some time but later broke off the engagement. He did have another triangle between Annie Richmond and Sarah Anna Lewis that helped Poe financially. Poe later on wrote poems about his entanglement for the two woman. In the same year, he published Eureka that was a suppose explanation on the whole universe. Some people found it to be an absolute masterpiece, but others had different opinions of Eureka. September 27, 1849, he left New York to Philadelphia to take up an editing job, but he got safety to Baltimore instead. He reconnected with his childhood love and ex fiancee Elmira Royste r. She was a widowed Mrs. Shelton, And spent the rest of his time with her with a few road bumps here and there with his alcoholism. With all the happy thoughts and happy endings, things got crazy again for Mr. Poe. He was found on a ditch by Joseph W. Walker, a former writer for the Baltimore Sun, was walking to a local tavern to cast his vote. He found Poe in clothes that werent his and delirious on October 3rd. Joseph was concerned for the health of the writer, so he asked him if there was anyone that Poe could contact for help. Edgar A. Poe gave him the name of Joseph E. Snodgrass who was a magazine editor and an American Physician. Joseph wrote a letter to Snodgrass for his assistance. The letter said: Baltimore City, Oct. 3, 1849 Dear Sir, There is a gentleman, rather the worse for wear, at Ryans 4th ward polls, who goes under the cognomen of Edgar A. Poe, and who appears in great distress, he says he is acquainted with you, he is in need of immediate assistance. Yours, in haste, JOS. W. WALKER To Dr. J.E. Snodgrass. (Quinn, 638) He was taken to the Washington College hospital but he never had enough consciousness to explain what had happened to him. He spent his final days suffering with hallucinations. According to Dr. John J. Moran, Mr. Poe would call out the name Reynolds repeatedly on the night before he died. The name still remains a full mystery. On October 7th, 1849, Edgar Allan Poe was pronounced dead. They said that his last words were Lord, help my poor soul.(Meyers, 255) He was buried on the next day of October 8th, 1849 in an unmarked grave that was in the back corner of West Minster Hall and Burying Grounds in Baltimore. His cousin Neilson Poe, purchased a white marble Italian headstone (Quinn) for Edgar, but was later on destroyed after a train derailed and crashed into the monument yard where it was standing. Poe was placed in a cheap coffin that lacked handles, a name plate, cloth lining, and a cushion for his head (Meyers, 256) Not many showed up for his ceremonies since he really didnt hav e many friends or relatives anymore. It was a very short burial that only lasted three minutes. The preacher decided not to give a sermon since the crowd was so small. All medical records have been lost, including his death certificate (Bramsback, 1970) Later on, Dr. John J. Moran was proven to not being a reliable source since he would change his story a lot more often than you think. His death was really mysterious. It was so mysterious that a lot of people speculating and trying to figure out how Edgar Allan Poe died. There are a few theories on what actually caused his death. It ranges from illness to beatings to carbon monoxide poisoning, but one of them is especially interesting. It requires you to know that October 3rd was an Election Day and the ditch that Poe was found in was by a polling station. The 19th century had this form of fraud called cooping, where a victim was kidnapped and forced to vote multiple times under different disguises. These victims were given alcohol or drugs as a reward. This theory explains why Poe was found in new clothes and out of his mind. There was also other theories that he died of rabies which explained why he was so delirious but it just didnt cover the story well enough. Others said it was a heart attack or the drinking problems that led him to where he was. 1849 saw the end of Edgar and the world didnt really care much. Even his obituary was really short. It read Edgar Allan Poe is dead. He died in Baltimore on Sunday, September 7. This announcement will startle many but few will be grieved by it. (R.W. Griswold) Poe named R. W. Griswold his literary executor, which means that he owned all of Poes work. This has to be up there in terms of terrible decisions which Poe made a lot of. Griswold hated Poe so much. In 1850, Griswold published this memoir of Poe, painting him as this depraved drunkard and immoral womanizer. Griswold did everything in his power to destroy Poes reputation. Now Griswold didnt realized that people love a train wreck. He made Poe so much more interesting than this dude with a tiny mustache who likes birds and isnt Tesla. It is very possible that those memoirs helped solidify Edgar Allan Poes place in literary history to this very day. His legacy is still alive today, his gothic, dark, and romantic poems are still famous today. No, Edgar Allan Poe wasnt emo, but poe Edgar went through a lot (see what I did there). He was just a poe boy from a poe family ( I did it again, I need to stop). Some people may not enjoy his poetry since most of Poes poetry has a lot of metaphors and isnt straightforward. Thats the fun of poetry. Bibliography and references Miller, John C. Text: John C. Miller, The Exhumations and Reburials of Edgar and Virginia Poe and Mrs. Clemm, Poe Studies, December 1974, Vol. VII, No. 2, 7:46-47. Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore Articles E. A. P.: A Critical Biography (A. H. Quinn, 1941) (Chapter 01), Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore, Dec. 1974, www.eapoe.org/pstudies/ps1970/p1974204.htm. Quinn, Arthur (1988). Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography (Paperback ed.) Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Bramsback, Birgit. The Final Illness and Death of Edgar Allan Poe: An Attempt at Reassessment. Taylor and Francis Online, Tandfonline, 21 July 2008, www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00393277008587456. Poes Lost Tombstone. Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore Articles E. A. P.: A Critical Biography (A. H. Quinn, 1941) (Chapter 01), 1998, www.eapoe.org/balt/poegravs.htm. Text: R. W. Griswold, Death of Edgar A. Poe, New-York Daily Tribune (New York, NY), Vol. IX, No. 156, October 9, 1849, p. 2, Cols. 3-4. Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore Articles E. A. P.: A Critical Biography (A. H. Quinn, 1941) (Chapter 01), www.eapoe.org/papers/misc1827/nyt49100.htm. Meyers, Jeffrey (1992). Edgar Allan Poe: His Life And His Legacy (Paperback ed.) New York City: Cooper Square Press Geiling, Natasha. The (Still) Mysterious Death of Edgar Allan Poe. Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 7 Oct. 2014, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/still-mysterious-death-edgar-allan-poe-180952936/. Giordano, Robert. Biography of Edgar Allan Poe. Poestories, poestories.com/biography.php. Mercier, Matthew. You Dont Know Poe: 10 Weird Things About Edgar Allan Poe. Tor.com, 11 Apr. 2018, www.tor.com/2012/05/02/you-dont-know-poe-10-weird-things-about-edgar-allan-poe/. Mabbott, Thomas Ollive, et al. Edgar Allan Poe. Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica, Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 4 Oct. 2018, www.britannica.com/biography/Edgar-Allan-Poe. Poes Biography | Edgar Allan Poe Museum, www.poemuseum.org/poes-biography. Edgar Allan Poe. Google Search, Google, www.google.com/amp/s/www.biography.com/.amp/people/edgar-allan-poe-9443160. Edgar Allan Poe. Poets.org, Academy of American Poets, 23 July 2015, m.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/edgar-allan-poe.

The Reinforcement of Hegemonic Ideologies Gender and...

The Reinforcement of Hegemonic Ideologies Gender and Sexuality Stereotypes Within Cosmopolitan Magazine Advertisements Rebecca Mastine Understanding Popular Culture Tim MacNeil December 15, 2010 Magazines have implicitly and explicitly been influencing humans for decades. They are continually more involved in the media, however the market is highly competitive. It is extremely important for magazines to maintain the readers’ interest and loyalty therefore they must excel in its appearance and content. Helen Brown created the Cosmopolitan magazine in 1965. It holds a spot as one of the most successful women’s magazines of all time, and proceeds to be the number one selling monthly magazine. (Ouellette, 360, 2005).†¦show more content†¦279). Hasinoff reveals the sociobiological discourses in Cosmopolitan â€Å"stress the work, planning and consumer goods it takes to perform femininity by presenting these laborious techniques as strictly adhering to a biological pre-determined set of natural and ultimately unchangeable rules of gender† (Hasinoff, 280, 2009). Additionally, its’ sociobiological discourses insist on a self-help rhetoric t hat encourages women to solve their own problems but at the same time stresses the fact that Cosmopolitan can tell them how (Hasinoff, 280, 2009). Few researchers have explored sexuality in advertising across multiple countries or the factors that may contribute to its’ content. Michelle Nelson and Hye-Jin Paek examine the degrees of sexuality in advertising within Cosmopolitan across seven countries (Brazil, China, France, India, South Korea, Thailand and the U.S). Nelson and Paek’s study discloses, â€Å"even within a transnational Western magazine, degrees of sexuality differ† (2005, p. 371). More specifically their research showed that cultural values and political/economic systems are related to degrees of sexuality presented in advertisement and the â€Å"presence of Western (nondomestic) models, sexual freedom values, and a less authoritarian political cultureShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesepidemics. In no previous epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and international violence within human populations and the ravages visited upon animals and the natural world by humans vastly exceeded that of any previous era in history. In a century where human communities globally and individuals locally had the potential to be much more

The Barge Haulers on the Volga by Ilya Repin Essay

One of the most famous Russian paintings that portray the suffering yet thriving in harsh conditions is The Barge Haulers on the Volga by Realism genre painter, Ilya Repin. This painting was painted in 1873 on the basis of numerous studies and portrait sketches collected young painter while traveling along the Volga River in 1870, and was a testament to his creative spiritual maturity. In one of the letters to Stasov, Repin wrote that the theme of the painting was born under the impression seen on the Neva River and Volga River scenes: festively dressed gentlemen strolling and haulers in the next strap, pulling the barge. There are eleven characters, all as one, - the poor and disadvantaged, but each - with personality and character.†¦show more content†¦This open landscape was for its time achievement for treatment of space, the nature of colors, based on a combination of yellow and blue shades. Hot sand shoals distance moves gang boatmen pulling a barge. More than one hun dred miles away, these people have been in the webbing. The bright sun illuminates the whole gang; dark spot gloomy anxiety group of people dressed in rags emphasizes calmness, clarity landscape full of light and air boundless expanse. A narrow strip of coast, the vague outlines of the hills behind the broad water surface reinforce the impression of vastness and depth of the Volga landscape that allows the artist to even sharper shade dark, greasy, a brown stain (as he describes in a letter to Stasov) - boatmen. The first impression from the picture it is this: the landscape of sparkling sun moves a dark spot. A viewer is captivated by the scenery of River Volga’s exhausted from the heat and fatigue, along the shore of the great river boatmen slowly pulling heavy unwieldy barge to the short. Boatmen are shown at the time of exhausting and mind-numbing work. However, this does not cause feelings of depression or hopelessness. Conversely, a heavy tread of boatmen, power worker s - all this gives the impression of the inner strength of the people, the great power of Russia. A viewer sees the different emotional and physical states of each person: the barge hauler with a pipe, an old man,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis On Barge Haulers On The Volga 1449 Words   |  6 Pages Mengyao Hou Art Matters 04/20 2015 Barge Haulers on the Volga Barge Haulers on the Volga is a painting by Ilya Yafimovich Repin. It uses oil on canvas, and stretches to 131.5 cm Ãâ€" 281 cm. It was painted in the early 1870’s and currently hangs in the State Russian Museum. Repin painted Barge Haulers on the Volga during a very turbulent time in Russian history. This was a difficult time for laborers in Russia, the time of early Marxism, which is a worldview that uses materialism in order to dispute

Impact Of High-Performance Human Resources - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impact Of High-Performance Human Resources. Answer: Introduction: A balanced HR scorecard can be defined as a strategy performance management tool that is used by HR managers to monitor managerial activities which eventually results in prosperity of the organization. In this report, a balanced critique of the benifits of the scorecard in Starbucks has been discussed. Discussion HR Scorecard benefits for organizational performance measurement Considering the fact the chief performance indicator for HR includes consumer satisfaction, financial results, career development and process improvement, a balanced HR scorecard helps the managers of an organization to identify the improvement and agree with the strategic approach. The major benefits of implementing a HR scorecard are listed below: Financial performance: A score card approach will help Starbucks to obtain financial stability in adverse conditions. An effective HR scorecard can spot trends and calculate the amount of return on investment. Consumer satisfaction: With the help of a balanced HR scorecard, the HR managers of Starbucks will be able to measure the potential of the current initiatives taken by the company to satisfy consumers. This approach will help the managers to decide the future initiatives for the prosperity of the company (Becker, Huselid Ulrich, 2001). Employee satisfaction: An effective HR scorecard reports the results of employee training processes, employee motivation and employee surveys. This method of tracking and monitoring will help Starbucks to deal with employee dissatisfaction. Improvement in Productivity: A balanced HR scorecard approach will helps the HR Managers of Starbucks to correlate HR programs like building employee competency, developing leadership skills and improving reward system with their impact on the business. This, in turn helps the organization to attain strategic goals (Kehoe Wright, 2013). Explanation of the competitive advantages due to usage of an HR Scorecard An effective balanced HR Scorecard approach, apart from focusing on efficient usage of fixed capital, gives priority to intangible assets like employee skills, intellectual properties, knowledge and abilities of both the managers and employees and effective company consumer relationship (Phillips, Stone Phillips, 2012). These factors are considered to crucial sources of competitive advantages and have immense contribution to the long-term economic success of the companies. For example, Starbucks maintain its brand equity by providing quality experience and identical taste of its gourmet coffee in all of its global stores. Challenges faced while implementing a score card Some of the challenges that may be faced during developing an effective balanced scorecard for Starbucks include lack of effective data collection and reporting, lack of review structure, poorly defined matrices and excessive internal focus. For example the implementation of balanced score card at Kenyatta national hospital has faced challenges like lack of resources, functional equipments, communication and leadership (Northcott Ma'amora Taulapapa, 2012). Measures to solve the challenges faced While for efficient data collection and reporting, companies like Starbucks should invest on automated systems that will help the company with data collection and subsequent reporting, for best performance of the score card, they should be reviewed frequently. Matrices require to be collected at ideal frequency and defining in a way that they can be used even if the targets differ. Apart from that, SWOT analysis should be done in order to avoid too much internal focus (Jskelinen Sillanp, 2013). Objectives of HR Score card in regards to the following four dimensions: HR deliverables- The crucial HR deliverables that needs to be implemented in HR scorecard of Starbucks are recruiting, training, compensation and performance structure and reward structure to encourage and identify employee innovations and ideas. The effective HR deliverables of Sears Company have made it a desirable place to work. High-performance work system- This criteria, being the key to maximize employees performance, should include recruitment of highly skilled workers, creating validate model for hiring, managing, developing and rewording employees and implementing effecting training for employees HR system alignment- This factor includes focusing on specific elements of the HR system that are crucial to produce an effective HR deliverable. Competency-based recruitment will allow Starbucks to monitor the efficiency of its HR system of recruiting employees based on their competency model. Besides that the HR department should also provide benefits to its skilled employees for employee retention. HR efficiency measures- This step includes identifying the particular task that the HR must be able to perform in order to achieve the company goals. Starbucks needs to identify cost per hire as a strategic measure. Conclusion: From the above report it can be concluded that in this era of highly competitive market, it is really crucial for companies like Starbucks to implement an effective balanced HR scorecard approach to maintain and enhance its brand equity. The HR scorecard will not only help the company to control its costs and creating a value of its own, it will also help with employee retention. Reference List: Becker, B., Huselid, M. A., Ulrich, D. (2001). The HR scorecard: Linking people, strategy, and performance. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Jskelinen, A., Sillanp, V. (2013). Overcoming challenges in the implementation of performance measurement: case studies in public welfare services.International Journal of Public Sector Management,26(6), 440-454. Kehoe, R. R., Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), 366-391. Northcott, D., Ma'amora Taulapapa, T. (2012). Using the balanced scorecard to manage performance in public sector organizations: Issues and challenges.International Journal of Public Sector Management,25(3), 166-191. Phillips, J. J., Stone, R., Phillips, P. (2012).The human resources scorecard. Routledge.

Snapple Case Analysis Essay Example

Snapple Case Analysis Paper Having Ivan Lend as a bookkeepers In their Minimal commercial, he pronounced It Schnapps Instead of Snapped which made the commercial to be a success due to the fact that it was such bad quality with such bad pronunciation. Snapped didnt care how their commercials came out to be as long as everything came out to look real, natural (ex: 100% Anural). They started using Wendy Kaufman as their spokes model. She was a normal real person who became famous nationwide very soon because everyone loved her. She received Invitations to Opera, David Letterman, sleepovers and prom dates. In 1994 Snapped was purchased by Quaker for 1. 7 billion. Quaker had already developed Storage into a billion dollar brand and even though its CEO didnt consider Snapped was worth 1. 7 billion he still decided to purchase and develop the brand. Their plan was to use Snappers distributors in the cold channel in order to help Storage and used Storages strength in supermarkets to help Snapped. They though that If they used the same strategy as for Storage, they will help Snapped but they failed to understand the market differences, target markets and customer references. This left customers feeling betrayed and with the Impression that Snapped was selling- out. Quaker replaced Wendy and ended the contract with Howard Stern which produced bad press. They refused to take in consideration the strategies of the previous leaders of Snapped and its own external and customer analysis therefore plans didnt go as expected and in 1 997 Tartaric Beverages purchased Snapped from Quaker for 300 million. Trying to promote two different brands In the same way was definitely a mistake on Quakers management. We will write a custom essay sample on Snapple Case Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Snapple Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Snapple Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Storage eyeing considered a sports drink and Snapped being considered a fashion drink they shouldnt have been promoted the same way. Quakers attempts to have the distributors give in their supermarkets in exchange for Storage distributor rights In the cold market was met with disagreement and resulted in conflicting distribution channels. Knowing that the Snapped consumer is considered quirky and offbeat the product must be one that portrays that Image. The average consumer Is active, on the run, fun and energetic and Snapped shouldve represented this vigorously. Consumers used mostly single bottles, ready for consumption which indicates that Snapped is an individual drink, not a family one and by creating the larger bottling, Quaker not only created a less appealing image to the average consumer but they also caused distribution channel problems and display area problems. To bring Snapped back to success changes have to be made In order to restore the companys Image that Snapped had throughout the period of 1987 to 1994. The companys Image was a Tune one, 1 natural no matter ten outcome. During Deck ten company to Its successful period and restore its image, the company currently owning it must aim for the same image the product is attempting to transmit. Product placement, quirky image, promotions and companionship ambiance will help restore consumers trust and it will erase the sell-out image that Quaker has developed. Special efforts should be put into restoring the customer and distributors confidence because in order for them to support and distribute the product in the cold and warm market they need to be reassured of the brands value. Re-building great relationships with strictures is vital because in order to stay high up in the market and beat the competition, Snapped must be placed in the major and most important cold markets and the distributors are the ones in charge of that. Bringing back Wendy or another beloved real spokes person would play a big part in succeeding the brand restoration. Wendy was a real person that people could relate to and she helped the brand tremendously. Everyone was disappointed after Quaker fired her, and now if she would start representing the brand again it would definitely be a plus for Snapped. If relationships can not be rebuilt with Wendy then another loved spokes person should take the lead and represent the brand in a very real friendly way, the way Wendy did it. Also re-building its relationships with Howard Stern would be a big plus and it would bring the company back positively into the eyes of the media but in this case relationships seem to be very hard to rebuild after Howard was very disappointed with the brand and started calling it Scrapple. In case relationships can not be restored then another radio station and show would do wonderful things f acquired. Introducing different product promotions along with bringing back the nations favorite people will help Snapped reach its goal and become the markets King. Product introduction should be another strategy to help Snapped return to a positive and increasing market and since the brand is considered a fashion one, like clothing, Snapped can come up with innovative designs and flavors that will reintroduce Snapped to the popular real culture and this will reinforce the brand. Focusing on the suggestions from the Cultural Analysis Group Dutch Inc, Snapped would create its strategy based on it.

The Life of Benito Juarez essays

The Life of Benito Juarez essays For the pass couple of weeks I had read about a president of Mexico. His named is Benito Pablo Juarez Garcia. He was born in the village of San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca. Both his parents die before he turn four. He worked in the corn field and as shepherd until the age of 12 then on December 17, 1818, he walk to the city of Oaxaca with a wish to educate himself and find a better life. At the time he was illiterate and could not speak Spanish, only Zapotec. In the city he took a job as a domestic servant, and eagerly made up for his previous lack of education. He work in a church and meet a lay Franciscan named Antonio Salanueva was impressed with young Benitos intelligence an thirst for learning, and helped arrange for him to be accepted at the city seminary. Salanueva, who was to employ Benito as a servant from 1819 to 1821, was a devout Catholic whose liberal views on politics and education profoundly influence the young man. He knows that if he work in a church, there a chance that he could learn read and write. At the time the Roman Catholic church controlled most of the country s school, owned huge amounts of property, and had an income estimated to be five times greater than the governments. Benito was accepted to the Holy Cross Seminary. It was the largest and best school in the area. As a Church they did not discriminate between rich and poor, everyone was equal there and all were taken seriously. The world in which Benito grew to manhood was changing at a rapid pace. After 11 bloody years of the Mexico war for Independence against its Spanish rulers drew to a close. At the age of 15-year old seminarian Benito was almost untouched by the political storms raging in Mexico. He was still too busy establishing his own independence and equality to be much troubled by the nation difficulties. Later he studied there but decided to pursue the law rather than the priesthood. He work hard as a student and stu...

Non-Democratic Regimes Theory, Government and Politic by Paul Brooker Essay

Non-Democratic Regimes Theory, Government and Politic by Paul Brooker - Essay Example The writer has purposefully endeavored to reveal a chronological discussion as regards the theoretical analysis of the evolution and development of the non-democratic form of government, significances, failure, consequences, and contribution in the development of political thought. The effort has also been made to compare democracy with those non-democratic regimes. The presentation of the book is well-organized; language usage is lucid and legible and comfort reading. The whole book has been covered by 10 chapters dealing with every issue of a non-democratic regime. The subject matter of the book is easily accessible. Commendably, for the conveniences and a better understanding of the readers, the author has supplied relevant data, figures, and tables which have made an impressive discussion. Anyone with a perusal can easily understand the contents of the book and identify the core purposes of the author inviting the readers to a thoughtful discussion in order to face the ground-rea lity through earning some practical knowledge. The 20th century has witnessed tremendous shifts in the governance portfolios. A large part of First half of the last century has experienced the advent of totalitarianism embodying fascism, Nazism, and communism in German, Italy, Eastern Europe, Russia, and China. In 1920s-1930s totalitarianism for the first time developed in Nazi German and Fascist Italy. With the growing popularity of communism, the concept was reintroduced in the western political thought in the 1950s in Russia, Eastern Europe and even in China. The dominance and wider acceptance of totalitarianism regime in 1960s-1970s were more than democracy and seemed as if totalitarianism could be the predominant state philosophy in the coming days. The period between the end of Second World War and the opening of 1970 era is marked by the military dictatorship.

Statistics 401 Mod 5 Case - Multiple Regression Analysis Coursework

Statistics 401 Mod 5 Case - Multiple Regression Analysis - Coursework Example In the normal regression analysis, we usually use regression to establish the relationship between a variable and another variable. In such a case, it is establish whether or not the changes in one of the variables affect the other variable. The one which is affected is the dependent variable because it depends on the changes of the other so as to have its changed value. The one which is being depended upon to change is the independent variable because it changes on its own. This is for instance in the case where harvest from a corn field is being tested to establish whether or not it has a relationship with the amount of rainfall in the year. The harvest is the dependent variable while the rainfall amount is the independent variable. In the case of multiple regression analysis, the independent variables are more than one. ... In this analysis where in this case assignment we were looking at housing starts again, this time we added another variable to the equation.   The historical values above give interest rates, lumber prices (dollars per board-foot) and number of starts.  Ã‚  We computed a  multiple regression equation  using these variables, with starts as the DV.   Interest and price are the IVs.  Ã‚   From the computation of the regression analysis, I obtained the results shown above using the excel multiple regression. The regression analysis involved using the Housing stats as the Y variables in the excel regression file, and both the interest rate and the Price per board foot as the X variables. Based on the results of the regression as shown in the excel except above, the regression formula that I computed is of the form Y = a1*X1 + a2*X2 + b Where Y = number of housing starts X1 = interest rates a1 = regression coefficient of interest rates X2 = lumber prices a2 = regression coeffic ient of lumber prices b = constant. The values of a1 and a2 correspond to the values on the Regression coefficients table shown above. The value of a1 is that on the interest rates coefficients which is -1203318. Likewise, the value of a2 is that on the price per board foot coefficient which is -17836.8. The value of the constant b is also found on the coefficients table. It is the value of the sample estimate of the standard deviation of the error In this case it has the value 155138.1. X1 and X2 are of course variables that correspond to the interest rates and the price per board foot respectively. In turn, the formula thus becomes:- Y = -1203318*X1 + -17836.8*X2 + 155138.1 Using this formula, it is now much easy to do

Leadership & Ethics- Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Leadership Ethics- Research Paper Essay Introduction With the collapse of major corporations like Enron, Tyco International, WorldCom and the like, corporate corruption and mismanagement has been in the forefront of some of the major issues that corporate organizations have to overcome and manage. With this research paper, my aim is to review and present three scholarly journals that highlight the impact that leadership can play on the ethical performance of an organization. Firstly, in the â€Å"Cultural Leadership Predictors of Corporate Social Responsibility Values of Top Management: A GLOBE Study of 15 Countries†, the study states, that with the spread of globalization, it has become imperative to understand managerial values that guide their actions. The authors suggest that the three main dimensions of managerial values that are relevant to the study of CSR are: shareholder/owner values where the aim is to maximize profits, stakeholder relations which refers to ethical and positive relations towards employees, consumer groups and the like and thirdly, community/state welfare which is based on the principle of public responsibility. In a more in-depth analysis the study explores the correlation of societal culture factors such as institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism and power distance on the above three managerial values that impacts managerial decision making. Furthermore, the paper proposes that visionary leadership and integrity enhances corporate social responsibility (CSR) values on moral and ethical grounds. Secondly,† The Association Between Ethical Leadership Employee Outcomes – The Malaysian Case† will help understand the value in gaining employee commitment and trust through effective ethical leadership skills. This article studies the impact of ethical leadership on the employee outcomes in areas such as organizational commitment and trust. A micro study was done on the country of Malaysia which has experienced a tenfold increase in corporate crime over the last 15 years. From the study one gathers that the main reason for such an exponential increase in such crimes is due to fact of the failures on part of corporate leadership to act ethically in their decision making process. Lastly, with â€Å"Leadership Styles the Moral Choice of Internal Auditors† I will examine how an employee’s self interest and management leadership guides their ethical decision making. This study plays close attention to one set of an organization’s workers the Internal Auditing professionals, in order to understand the how their choice in making ethical decisions are subjective to various factors , one of them being leadership. The primary viewpoint of this study indicated that an auditor’s decision making is enhanced by the leaders who adopt a standard achievement oriented leadership style and when they see clear benchmarking, fair performance assessment and growth opportunity. In conclusion, this can be held true for any employee within an organization. Hypothesis According to the GLOBE study, there were three main hypotheses that the researches proposed. The first hypothesis testing was split in two parts wherein, they proposed that â€Å"societies stressing institutional collectivist values will have a positive relationship with stakeholder’s relations and community/state welfare CSR values while societies stressing in-group collectivist values will only have a positive relationship with shareholder relations CSR values (Waldman et al).† The second theory states that cultures that have a high power distance tend to have low CSR values (Waldman et al). Lastly, visionary leadership and integrity on part of CEO’s, adds variance to the prediction of followers (stakeholders) CSR values that go beyond the effects of societal cultural values (Waldman et al). With the Leadership and Employee Outcome – The Malaysian Case, the two main hypotheses of the study were based on the notion that â€Å"there was a significant relationship between ethical leadership behaviour and employee’s organizational commitment and, that ethical leadership behaviour was positively associated with employee’s trust in leaders (Ponnu, Tennakoon).† This study aimed to examine the empirical significance of ethical leadership on employee attitudinal outcomes. The main hypothesis of the â€Å"Leadership Styles the Moral Choice of Internal Auditors† study was to understand the motivational factors that influence internal auditors when faced with ethical dilemmas pertaining to â€Å"spilt loyalty, expectation gaps and conflict of interest (Woodbine , Liu).† The authors proposed that the dependent and independent variables such as â€Å" personal needs strengths, leadership styles, the interaction between needs strength and leadership styles and situational factors impact an internal auditors moral choices when faced with an ethical issue (Woodbine , Liu).† Sampling In the GLOBE research paper the selected firms were picked from diverse sectors such manufacturing, information systems and tourism, however government run and educational institutions were excluded from the sample. Each firm had an average of 500 employees with six or more respondents from each firm. The final analysis was based on the responses of 561 firms from over 15 countries from various regions and a total of 4656 individuals completed the survey. The respondents comprised of CEO’s and several of their subordinates i.e. top executives. The leadership (two variables- vision and integrity) and societal cultural dimensions (three variables – institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism and power distance) were measured using reliability and confirmatory factor analyses. Cronback’s alpha for the above measures ranged from 0.70 to 0.90 for a five factor model. A two factor model was also used however it was not considered to be a good enough of fit. Control Variables such per capita gross domestic product, firms performance, average of age of respondents, average education and average gender, were used to enhance precision of the model (Waldman et al). Mean, standard deviations and correlations amongst the variables were interpreted and a hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the three main hypotheses. All survey items were standardized by country using Z – scores, so as to control potential differences in items scores and rating processes between countries (Waldman et al). Lastly various data collection strategies were put in to play in order to avoid single source bias issues. The Malaysian cross sectional case study was based on the primary data collected from 172 intermediate managerial employees from a wide variety of industries within the corporate sector in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The sample included 77 males and 97 females, age range from 20 to 53 and with 84% of the respondents holding bachelors or post graduate degrees. The data was collected through self administered questionnaires and â€Å"convenience sampling was used in drawing samples ((Ponnu, Tennakoon).† SPSS Version 14.0 was used to analyze the data and test the studies hypothesis. Correlation matrix and reliability analysis was done all variables to determine relationships among constructs and lastly in order to allow for correlation amongst factors,† exploratory factor analysis using principle components with oblique rotations was conducted (Ponnu, Tennakoon).† With the Internal Auditors case study, the sample population description comprised of full time internal auditing jobs with respondents that had at least one year experience with their respective organizations. The study was conducted in Australia and comprised of mailed out questionnaires. The total sample size was 128. The demographics were as follows: 84 males and 44 females, average male age 44 years and average female age of 36 years. Out of the 128 respondents, 48 of them were audit managers of equivalent. Organizations involved in the sampling were government departments, private sector and accounting firms. Statistical methods that were employed included correlation analysis for the dependent variables using a two tailed test and significant relationship amongst the three variables was found to exist and Q-Q plots and detrended normal plots were used to validate normality and reliability. For the independent variables such as leadership styles, growth needs and the like principal component analysis was used. Reverser measurement and regression analysis using stepwise method was used to explore relationships between the variables and in certain instances to test validity of model. Major Results Findings From the two GLOBE tables listed below the hypothesis that in-group collectivist values results in positive shareholder/owner is unconfirmed. The statistical analysis has confirmed and supported the authors proposal in that institutional collectivism positively predicts stakeholder CSR values, with a positive ÃŽ ² coefficient of 0.13 (P ≠¤ 0.01); power distance is negatively predictive of stakeholder CSR values, with a ÃŽ ² coefficient of -0.20; and that the leadership variables of vision and integrity enhanced CSR values, with ÃŽ ² coefficients of 0.23 and 0.13 respectively and variance of 9% (P ≠¤ 0.01) (Waldman et al). With GLOBE table 2, total variance amongst the three main managerial values are: shareholder/owner dimension equals 22%, stakeholder values is 45% and community/state welfare is 28% with a 5% significance level. Hence the model best suits stakeholder CSR values. The main findings with the GLOBE study are as follows: 1.The authors multidimensional of managerial values with the dimensions of shareholder/owners, stakeholders and community/state welfare values were appropriately construed. 2.The research indicates that manager from wealthier countries are more inclined to favor shareholder/owners values and less likely to consider the welfare of the state or community at large. In comparison, managers from poorer countries feel a greater personal responsibility towards society. 3.Managers from institutional collectivist societies tend to have greater value for the three managerial values while there has been no significant relationship between the two variables for in-group collectivism. 4.In societal cultures that have great power distance, managers tend to devalue CSR values, thus leading to a more manipulative use of power with little consideration given to stakeholders such as employees, customers, environmentalist. This could pose a definite risk for multinational firms in today’s global economy. 5.Organization variables such as CEO leadership in terms of vision and integrity are very likely to account for variance in managerial attitudes and decision making. One of the major recommendations of the GLOBE study is the need for multinational firms to pay close attention to cultural and leadership factors that have a critical impact on management CSR values. For example CSR values and policies of a multinational firm could be strong and this may be due to the home country’s high institutional collectivism and low power distance however managers in a subsidiary country may have weaker stakeholder CSR values as a result of weak institutional collectivism and high power distance (Waldman et al). The resulting scenario could lead to conflicting policies and business practices that can have an adverse effect on multinational firms. This further reiterates the authors’ proposal that in cases such as this, it’s the firm’s leadership values of integrity and vision that help managers look beyond the economic and cultural limitations. In the Malaysian case as mentioned earlier, correlation analysis was preformed to test strength and linear relationship amongst the variables. With the first hypothesis there was a medium positive correlation between ethical leadership behaviour and organizational commitment. The Malaysian Table 1 below shows correlations r = .46 and p .0 5 and, co-efficient of distribution is 21% of the variance, which can be explained. Hence with the supporting empirical data the research shows that â€Å"high levels of perceived ethical leadership behaviour are associated with higher levels of employee’s organizational commitment (Ponnu, Tennakoon).† As for the second hypothesis, there was a strong positive correlation between ethical leadership behaviour and employee trust. The Malaysian Table 2 below shows correlations r = .634 and p .0 5 and, co-efficient of distribution is 40% of the variance, which can be explained. Hence with the above results supporting hypothesis 2, it can be safely concluded that â€Å"high levels of perceived ethical leadership associated with higher levels of employee’s trust in leaders (Ponnu, Tennakoon).† Some of the main antecedents to the Malaysian case findings are as follows: 1.If leaders make ethics a cornerstone of all business practices they gain internal organizational fellowship and employees tend to value a more social exchange with the organization rather than an economic exchange. Employees reciprocate these sentiments through organizational behavioral commitment and are â€Å"willing to exert considerable effort in terms of job dedication and job commitment, on behalf of the organization (Ponnu, Tennakoon).† 2.When an organizational leader priortizes the group’s interest first, who does not wish to seek personal gain at the expense of others, who respects the rights of others and treats them fairly; tends to harness employees trust. 3.When leaders empower employees and involve them in decision making processes they not only facilitate employee well being and growth but increases their trust in them as well. With the Internal Auditors case the major findings of the study support Path goal and ERG theories (Woodbine, Liu). As per the table below, internal auditors are motivated to make ethical decisions based on their personal growth needs. Leadership styles play a significant role as well especially Standard achievement oriented approach that encourages individual performance and achievement (Woodbine, Liu). Lastly gender, age and experienced was an important predictor, as female respondents that were younger and less experienced showed less motivation towards making moral ethical choices. Conclusion The GLOBE study has been extremely informative and clearly structured to provide an in-depth understanding of how societal cultural factors and leadership guide managerial values when it comes to decision making within an organization. Some of the key limitations to the study were that the analyses were limited to 15 countries and the surveyed firms did not represent a wide range of industries (Waldman et al). Actual CSR performance was not measured and lastly, due to multiple levels of data to be collected, additional insight could not be gained. The study indicates that even though leadership integrity is a significant and unique predictor of managerial CSR values, it remains to be an under researched variable. This may be due to the fact that leadership integrity is associated with more tangible organizational outcomes such as reductions of business of costs. However, the authors still believe that it a significant factor that enhances managerial decision making and is worth future examination and research. My personal opinion would also include a more directed research towards in-group collectivism in order to find a relationship between individualistic societies and importance of CSR values towards society at large. The study concluded that, organizations that have strong corporate social responsibility values gain the trust of both internal and external stakeholder which in turn solidifies the foundations for an ethical culture. It also states that Neo – charismatic leadership that is guided by the principles of visionary leadership and integrity have a strong impact on an organization’s ethical performance. The Association Between Ethical Leadership Employee Outcomes – The Malaysian Case† study showed me a direct link between leadership ethical behavior on employee commitment and trust. It empirically proved that unethical leadership can adversely impact employee outcomes that in turn affect organizational performance. I noted related some factors such supervision, leadership honesty, trustworthiness, fairness and care, have an impact on employee perception and outcomes. The key limitations of the Malaysian study as noted by the researchers due to time and budget constraints, was that, convenient sampling may not be representative of the entire population due to insufficient representation of the entire corporate sector of the country and could be subject to self-selection bias; secondly the study could not measure if distance with top/senior management has an effect on employee perception of ethical leadership. Hence lower level employees who have very minimal contact with upper level management may rely more on information based on public opinion then direct leadership experience (Ponnu , Tennakoon). Both authors found that their study although valid and reliable, needed to be border in terms of sample size and area of study in order to fully understand and demonstrate the importance of ethical leadership. It was also suggested that since the research focused on† superior direct relationships â€Å"(Ponnu, Tennakoon) it would be recommended to gather relevant data from lower level employees within the organizational hierarchy. Finally they suggested further research on the relationship between â€Å"employee psychological empowerment and authenticity of ethical leader behavior (Ponnu, Tennakoon)†. As per my personal suggestion further research can be geared towards relating individual organizational commitment and performance. In conclusion to the Malaysian study, the authors state that corporate crime is still rising as a large number of top executives do not see the importance of ethical leadership values in their business operations. Corporate leaders should set an example of strong ethical and moral values in order to earn loyalty and trust of all major internal and external stakeholders. Organizations that have strong ethical leaders and principles are held in high esteem and enable the organization to employ and retain the best human capital available in the market. The case study on the internal audit profession, provided for a keen micro analysis on the personal motivations that guide employees to make moral decisions especially in professions that require a high level of ethical decision making. The limitations of this study as mentioned by the authors included variable identification and measurement, sample size and the use of a far too simple three vignette based model (Woodbine, Liu). Further research in to gender differences and issues that affect one’s ethical and moral decision making ability. Lastly a broader analysis that analysis the organization as whole as opposed to a particular profession would help enhance understanding of the internal motivations that guide moral decisions when faced with ethical dilemmas. The authors also recommend a new variable for research i.e. â€Å"employee religious affiliation† as a possible predictor to moral choices. Even though the authors conclude that codes of conduct and governance systems provide for an internal control mechanism, whistle blowing channels and develop cultures of honesty and accountability, the study strongly suggests that employee’s moral choices are still subject to their motivation needs. Finally, employee’s motivation to making moral decisions can be difficult to predict however they can be encouraged with proper leadership (Woodbine , Liu). All three scholarly articles empirically supported the main objective of this study, which was to reiterate the sound business principle that, ethical leadership lead to the responsible management of business processes and decision making that will in turn help an organization manage its risk of failure as a result of unethical business practices. Works Cited Ponnu, Cyril H., Tennakoon , Girindra. â€Å"The Association Between Ethical Leadership Employee Outcomes – The Malaysian Case.† Electronic Journal of Business Ethics Organizational Studies 14:1 (2009). Web. Sept 19th, 2010. Walman, De Luque, Washburn et al. â€Å"Cultural Leadership Predictors of Corporate Social Responsibility Values of Top Management: A GLOBE Study of 15 Countries.† Journal of International Business Studies 37:6 (2006). Palgrave Macmillan Journals. Web. Sept 19th, 2010. Woodbine, Gordon F., Liu, Joanne. â€Å"Leadership Styles The Moral Choice of Internal Auditors.† Electronic Journal of Business Ethics Organizational Studies 15:1 (2010). Web. Sept 19th, 2010.

Victoria Junior College :: Economics

Victoria Junior College In the period 1945-1973, the world economy underwent a period of exceptional growth in the following thirty years that had never been exceeded previously. Indeed, this â€Å"Golden Age† was differentiated from past economic booms by two main characteristics: dynamic and extensive economic growth. By dynamic, the expansion of the world economy made it a truly international economy, with countries trading with and depending on each other instead of the autarkic empires that had been the hallmark of previous generations. Extensive growth was seen in the world economy growing in the sense of the entire world and not by specific regions, for example, the previously Eurocentric economy of the Industrial Revolution. Yet the Golden Age, suddenly and swiftly, was replaced by what came to be known as the â€Å"Crisis Decades† in 1973, thus raising the question: was the Golden Age really an Age which could have lasted, with stable and secure foundations? To answer this question, we must look at three areas of study: the distribution of economic power during the Golden Age, the breakdown of the economic structures of the Golden Age, the factors which had contributed to the boom and the long-term social and political viability of economic growth in the post-war years. The main nation upon which the stability of the Golden Age rested was, of course, the US. At the end of the Second World War, of the five major pre-war industrial centres, (the US, Britain, Germany, Japan and the Soviet Union) only the US had remained largely untouched by the effects of total war. As such, the US felt that it was necessary, or even natural, that it should assume the economic, and by extension political, leadership of the world and guide it towards economic prosperity. Moreover, world economic prosperity was the only way that the US could continue its own economic growth – the loss of production necessitated by war meant that the US economy was facing a slowdown unless it could divert its surplus potential into channels outside the US – and that meant the world economy. George Kennan spelt out the American attitude when he wrote in 1948 that â€Å"[The US] has 50 per cent of the world's wealth, but only 6.3 per cent of its population. In this situation, our real job in the coming period is to devise a pattern of relationships which permit us to maintain this position of disparity.†[1] This attitude could already have been found earlier in the Bretton Woods Agreement, the system that could have been said to be responsible for the post-war economic boom. There, the US dominated all the major decisions and statues regarding the formation of

Contrast essay on Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay

The duality of mankind, or the belief that the human mind is made up of a good and evil part, has always been a matter of great interest for many philosophers, psychologists and writers. Robert Louis Stevenson’s Dr Jekyll and Mr.Hyde is a unavoidable classic on the subject; for its portrayal of both nature in the persons of Hyde and Jekyll is efficiently drawn in the symbolic descriptions, and the significant critic that is made through the novel, which is the hypocrisy of the society where image is more important than anything else, is still relevant today. Stevenson, in his descriptions of Hyde and Jekyll and their actions demonstrates how the good part of the human mind (Jekyll) is better, more developed than the darker one, the innate evil, embodied by Hyde, which is harmful for society and the individual. First, the physical appearance tells us a lot about Hyde and Jekyll and, at the same time, what the author thinks about the two parts of the human mind. Jekyll is tall, handsome and well-built; â€Å"a large well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty (†¦) with every mark of capacity and kindness†. His hands are â€Å"large, firm, white and comely†. In the descriptions made by observers, Jekyll appears to be a perfect, distinguished gentlemen. The good part of the human mind is therefore perceived as eminent, more distinguished than the other part. Indeed, Stevenson reinforces this position with Hyde’s physiognomy. Hyde, is seen by other people who meet him as a dangerous and terrifying beast. Although they cannot name why, Hyde appears to those who meet him as repulsively ugly. He is younger than Jekyll but he is ape-like and dwarfish and also much smaller than Jekyll, for instance Jekyll’s clothes don’t fit him. As the doctor says in his statement, his counterpart was â€Å"less robust and less developed†. Utterson even says: â€Å"God bless me, the man is hardly human!† and adds that Hyde looks like a troglodyte! Hyde’s hands are not at all like the doctor’s hands: â€Å"It was lean, corded (†¦)of a dusky pallor, and thickly shaded with a swart growth of hair†. Stevenson, through his symbolic use of hair and small stature in his description of Hyde shows that this one is less developed and less distinguished than Jekyll. The good part of the human mind, embodied by Jekyll is superior to the evil one, less developed and less attractive. Second, the setting is very relevant to the theme and tells us a lot about the differences between Hyde and Jekyll. The story takes place in Victorian London, in the late nineteenth century, on a background of middle-class gentlemen who respect the value of respectability and the dynamic of the Victorian society. Knowing this, we see with the descriptions in the novel, that the doctor is more successful than Hyde. Dr Jekyll’s house faces onto a square of ancient, grand and handsome houses. Utterson even talks about the hall as â€Å"the pleasantest room in London†, describing it as a â€Å"comfortable and warmed by a bright open fire†. Even the butler, Poole, who opens the door, is said to be a well-dressed, loyal, elder and respectable servant. On the other hand, Hyde’s house is situated in the foggy quarter of Soho looks like â€Å"a district of some city in a nightmare† and is surrounded by a dingy neighbourhood, ragged children and wicked looking women. Hyde, when going to Jekyll’s house, enters by the lower storey shabby door that faces on a different and dirty street: â€Å"It bore in every feature the marks of prolonged and sordid negligence (†¦) was blistered and stained†. Jekyll, in his last statement, describes the Hyde’s housekeeper as a unscrupulous creature. Thus, according to the Victorian values, no doubt that Jekyll has, in the novel, a larger amount of ethic than Hyde and therefore is more respectable. Hence, Stevenson demonstrates, with the different places where the action takes place, how Jekyll is superior to Hyde. We see in the behaviour and actions of Hyde and Jekyll how the latter one is better but also how the former one is despicable. Henry Jekyll is a doctor, the caring job among all. He is wealthy, having over a quarter of a million sterling at the time and as he says in his narrative at the end; he is â€Å"well-known and highly considered†. His friends, such as Utterson and Lanyon, are all respectable and upright gentlemen who cherish honest hopes. His occupations, which are described this way:† The doctor gave one of his pleasant dinners to some five or six old cronies, all intelligent reputable man, and all judges of good wine† are all worthy and reputable at the time. He also has always done good things for the society, and â€Å"had always been known for charities (†¦) and no less distinguished for religion†. Throughout the novel, he always tries to undo the evil done by his other nasty part, Hyde. If the doctor does so, Hyde does exactly the opposite.  Right from the beginning, we know that Hyde hangs around in the dirty areas of London, seeking undignified pleasures and immersing himself into depravity, vices and sins. His acts are described by Jekyll as â€Å"inherently malign and villainous†. His depravity and immorality are also underlined by the different ghastly crimes, taking aim at innocent people, he commits. He first tramples a little girl and leaves her ill-treated, crying on the street and then beats to death a old man. We see that Hyde is not only less developed and more primitive in his actions than Jekyll, but also that these very actions are harmful for the society and lead to the destruction of the individual, as the author demonstrates when Jekyll ultimately commits suicide. In conclusion, Stevenson demonstrates through the physical appearances, the setting and the actions of his characters how the evil part of our mind is smaller and weaker than the good one. By showing how Hyde is much smaller than Jekyll and by showing that the places and the frequentations he has are less respectable than those of Jekyll, he demonstrates the superiority of Jekyll and therefore, the superiority of the good side over the evil one. Stevenson illustrates this by stating clearly the differences between Hyde and Jekyll, the evil and good side. The dark one is not only smaller, weaker and less distinguished but also leads to the destruction of the society and the individual. Stevenson also explores how the repression of the Victorian society leads to the release of that dark side, due to the will to break free from the value of respectability. Thus, we can ask ourselves if this value and the dynamic of repression that was taking place at that time weren’t partly resp onsible of the crimes that were committed in the Victorian era.

Assignment Overview And Introduction Of Risk Management

Assignment Overview and Introduction to Risk Management This Risk Management is to assist with the company’s new venture for export of Minining equipment to Ghana (West Africa). This report acts as a Guideline for planning the contractual documentation and obligations to secure and execute the mining equipment export to Ghana. This report details procedures and steps that need to be considered when dealing with an export contract. The intended review team is the Company’s senior management. Equipment Manufacturing companies are always in the line of risk as technology advancement improves every day. An efficient risk management procedure will benefit the project financially, as the health of the project is only as good as its financial†¦show more content†¦2. Export Risk Risks that could be arising with exporting manufactured goods to a particular country must be thoroughly investigated and solutions and procedures must be implemented to mitigate against these risks. This also has an effect on the position of the current strength of the related market demands and profits that can be made in the export market. The following brief description will indicate some of the likely problems that could occur when dealing with exporting manufactured goods. 3. Political risk - This indicates the possibility of risk that the ruling government or political unrest could affect or interfere with export and import regulations. The results could come in many different forms such as collapse in share market and also loss or cancellation of export license, seizure of property etc. This is a possibility where a country may experience political instability. We must monitor the effects of political changes and developments that it has on businesses in the country. 4. Credit and finance risks – This risk deals with possibilities where the customer may default on making payments on time or the customer’s business may go bankrupt. For our company to protect itself against a possible credit and finance risk it would be imperative that we use payment methods which can provide a level of security such asShow MoreRelatedThe Accounting Software Installation Project Case Study1680 Words   |  7 Pages EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SUBJECT OUTLINE Subject Number: Emergency Management Credit Points: 6 Subject Coordinator: Dr Jaya Kandasamy Subject Lecturer: Peter Garland Semester/Year: Spring 2007 Prerequisites: Completed a degree course Co-requisites: Nil, but a basic knowledge of local government procedures is helpful Anti-requisites: Nil, although some previous experience in local government and emergency management is useful. Read MoreAuditing And The Growing Use Of Financial Software1114 Words   |  5 Pagesa presentation done in class to reflect on your understanding and how to improve after getting your feedback. 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